elderly observation 1

there are many problems the elderly face, and are easy to take note of. however, many people do not do anything about it, as they do not think it concerns them.

i noticed that the elderly have difficulty walking, but i did not interview them on it. some elderly, like my grandmother, use walking sticks. i talked to my grandmother once about it, and she said that it was because her knee joints were not strong, so she has to use a walking stick. it is adapted to have a comfortable grip, and a torchlight, as well, if she is walking where it is not well lit, so that she can see where she is walking and there is lesser chance of falling. there is a wide variety of walking sticks, to help the elderly with their different needs.

sometimes i see some elderly having a maid to push their wheelchairs. i think that it is a good point, as the family actually cares about them and even if they are at work, they still hire a maid to take care of the elderly. the elderly have weak muscle joints, and have difficulty in walking, so there should be someone around the house, perhaps a maid, to allow the elderly to rest. sometimes the elderly cook their meals, and have to stand for long periods of time. if there is a maid around the house, she can cook the meals while the elderly rests.

Holiday work - Part 1: Understanding the ‘The Elderly Challenge’

four key recommendations

- housing for seniors

there should be different houses for the elderly, specially made so that they can live more comfortably as their needs are met.

- accessibility for seniors

the environment and transport systems should be elder-friendly, so that they can lead better lives

- caring for seniors

healthcare services should be affordable for the elderly, who do not have jobs, and they should also cater to elderly with special needs, so that they can have a good standard of living.

- opportunities for seniors

the seniors should have opportunities, just like everyone else. this can ensure that they have a active lifestyle, and have friends to chat to when they have nothing to do.

ONE way that the CAI report is recommending to make our public housing more elderly-friendly:

a bar to support the elderly in the bathroom, so they do not fall down.

State TWO ways on how we can ensure that the quality of elderly care here in Singapore is affordable:

- the children of the elderly can stay with them, or at least give them some money to spend.

- there can also be some assistance from the government

After reading the CAI report, what do you are the THREE things that you can do, as an SST student, to help overcome these elderly challenges?

- Some of the elderly i see around the place seem quite lonely. maybe we can sit down with them and have a chat.

- can come up with a group, and raise some funds for the elderly

- i can just be kind to the elderly, not making them feel bad or useless

Personal Reflection NEWater visit

3 takeaways are:

• what are the 4 national taps
• NEWater is made by going through 3 stages
• learn how to conserve water

2 concepts:

• I learnt about things like ultrafiltration, reverse-osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection
• i learnt how dirty water is treated to become NEWater

1 interesting thing:

• going to NEWater plant is free

4)What are the things that you can do to help with water conservation in Singapore?

• We could reuse water, like using the water to wash rice to water the plants
• We could reduce the usage of water like taking a shower instead of using the bathtub, or not leaving the tap on while brushing your teeth

reflection

i think that the environment is important to us and we are important to it as well. everyone plays a part in sustaining the environment, and so we should try out best to protect it.

Designs must not be confusing and/or contradicting. it must also be able to attract people to buy it.

i learnt that even though we have come out with an idea, it may be difficult to implement and we must consider all the facts. It also has to be practical.

photography (people)

boy taking pictures

students taking pictures, excited

girl posing in front of the camera, having fun

Photography

1) Different types of photography

1. Advertising Photography
2. Aerial Photography
3. Architectural Photography
4. Astronomical Photography
5. Digital Photography
6. Black and White photography
7. Infrared Photography
8. Macro Photography
9. Underwater Photography
10. Portrait Photography source:http://www.shotaddict.com/wordpress/2006/10/18/1382.html

2) Equipments

• Cameras
• Tripods
• Lenses
• Props & Backgrounds
• Camera Bags
• Lighting Props

Source: http://photography.about.com/od/photographyequipment/a/basicequipment.htm

3) Aperture

• Aperture is the lens diaphragm opening inside a photographic lens. This regulates the amount of light that passes through onto the film inside the camera the moment when the shutter curtain in camera opens during an exposure process. There are little numbers engraved on the lens barrel like f22 (f/22),16 (f/16), f/11, f/8.0, f/5.6, f/4.0, f/2.8, f/2.0, f/1.8 etc. Each of this value represents one time the amount of light either more or less in quantity. source:http://www.mir.com.my/rb/photography/fototech/apershutter/aperture.htm

4) Focus

• It is important to capture the eyes of the subject, or the centre of an image. There are many ways to focus your camera.

5) Shutter Speed

• Shutter Speed is almost the same as aperture. Shutter speed controls the amount of time that your film, or digital sensor, is exposed to light. The shutter determines what image is captured. The shutter speed determines how long the shutter remains open. source: http://photography.about.com/od/camerabasics/ss/ShutterSpeed.htm

6) ISO speed

• ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization. ISO is a standard for measuring light sensitivity. The higher the ISO speed, the more sensitive the sensor is to light. source: http://www.homephotog.com/tutorials/ISO-speed.shtml

7) Metering

• Metering is how the camera decides how much light is let in to use. There are three types of metering modes-spot, centre-weighted and multi-patterned.

source: www.ephotozine.com/article/What-is-metering-12427

8) White Balance

• White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic colour casts, so that objects which appear white will appear white in your photo. Also, as certain places have different light conditions, we have to adjust the white balance to get accurate colours. Source: http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/white-balance.htm

9) Composition Rules

• Pattern --- There are patterns all around us if we only learn to see them. Emphasizing and highlighting these patterns can lead to striking shots – as can high lighting when patterns are broken.
• Symmetry --- Depending upon the scene – symmetry can be something to go for – or to avoid completely. A symmetrical shot can lead to a striking image – but without a strong point of interest it can be a little predictable.
• Texture --- Texture comes into play when light hits objects at interesting angles. two dimensional drawings can come alive and become almost three dimensional.
  
• Depth of Field --- The depth of field drastically impacts the composition of an image. It can isolate a subject from its background and foreground or it can put the same subject in context by revealing it’s surrounds with a larger depth of field.
• Lines --- Lines can be powerful elements in an image. They have the power to draw the eye to key points in a shot and it impacts an image greatly.

source: http://digital-photography-school.com/5-elements-of-composition-in-photography

10) Techniques

• Have good lighting
• When you use the camera in 'no-flash mode' put in on a tripod to avoid the camera moving when you take a shot which may result in blurring of the photo you took.
• Find the perfect balance of light which you can do by experimenting with different angles.

Difference between Perspective, Isometric, Oblique and Orthographic Drawing

perspective drawing is to project world like in real life, for example, if you are standing closer to a house, it is bigger, but if you stand far away, it will seem smaller and the things closer to you will seem bigger.

isometric drawing is to draw something that is 3-Dimensional such as cubes of blocks. It is not the same as perspective as for perspective it will seem smaller the further away it is unlike the isometrical drawings which is a bit mathematical.

Oblique drawing can produce 2-Dimensional images of 3-Dimensional objects. It projects an image by intersecting parallel rays, for a tunnel.

Orthographic drawing is a drawing which has a view of only one side of an object, either top, side, front or back.

sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_projection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometric_projection

http://www.artic.edu/aic/education/sciarttech/2d1.html